The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.